Environmental Issues

Here's a website which tells about global environmental issues:
http://www.globalissues.org/

I went into the web page Climate Change and Global Warming and Environmental Issues, and I looked through some of their articles.

The global warming is the average of the temperature of the Earth increases. This is caused by human activities and some natural events. People are raising the quantities of greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO2) , methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O).

The greenhouse effect is the energy from the Sun heat the surface of the Earth. At the same time, Earth also radiates energy back into the space. However, some atmospheric gases trap the radiating energy from Earth, and the gases calls greenhouse gases. The greenhouse effect is the advance of the temperature of the Earth.

The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Moreover, there are three other fluorinated industrial gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Furthermore, water vapor is also a kind of greenhouse gas. In the greenhouse gases, methane is the most inflential one, which is 20 times as potent as CO2.

Actually, the greenhouse effect is necessary for the living things on the Earth, Earth would be a lot colder and organisms couldn't live on it if we don't have them. Nevertheless, if the greenhouse gases were too much, the heat from the Sun couldn't go back to the space, the Earth would also be unlivable. Even though CO2 isn't the most potent greenhouse gas, it is the momentous one of them. Humans have caused a imbalance of nature carbon cycle. We increase the amount of CO2 by fossil fuel burning and deforestation etc. People transfer carbon dioxide from biomass (the total quantity or weight of animals and plants in a particular area or volume) to atmosphere. Because of this, the quantity of CO2 on the Earth is a lot higher than before. There is a picture shows the transferals of CO2. We can see the quantities of deforestation and manufacturing are the main causes CO2.

Image source: NASA.(Note, values shown represent Carbon Gigatons being absorbed and released)

The differences of varied organisms on the Earth are their diversity, and the biological diversity calls "biodiversity". The different ecosystems are all a part of biologically diverse Earth. The protection and limited development are very important for the nature. People notice the importance of nature envirment, they need to maintain the biodiversity. However, power, greed and politics have affected the precarious balance.

"At least 40 per cent of the world's economy and 80 per cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological resources." If the nature is more diversity, the medical science and the economy can be better. Furthermore, the climate won't be aggravated, and people can't live on the Earth.The biodiversity is relative to climate changes. The rapid global warming can affect an ecosystems chances to adapt naturally. This emphasize the importance of protecting and lowering the destruction to nature.

Gaius Julius Caesar

Here's a web page I found about Julius Caesar:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (July 13, 100 BC ~ March 15, 44 BC) was a politician of the populares tradition, and he formed an unofficial triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus which dominated Roman politics for several years. The Roman world became really huge to the Atlantic Ocean by his conquest of Gaul, and he also led the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. His triumvirate collapsed because of the stand-off with Pompey and the Senate. He led his armies across the Rubicon, Caesar began a civil war in 49 BC from which he became the undisputed master of the Roman world.

After assuming of control the government, he started changing Roman society and government. He was even called "dictator in perpetuity". He centralized the bureaucracy of Roman Republic. A group of senators assassinated the dictator on March 15 in 44 BC, trying to let the Republic run normally. Nonetheless, it only started another Roman civil war.The result was establishment of a permanent autocracy by Gaius Octavianus, Caesar's adopted heir. In 42 BC, the Senate officially sanctified Caesar as one of the Roman deities.

This is an engraving of Gaius Julius Caesar.

Roman gladiator

Here's a web page that I found about Roman gladiator:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/games/circus.htm

Ancient Romans loved looking people fighting, they believed their gods did, too. A lot of Romans went to amphitheaters and payed money to see big and professional fightings. The amphitheaters were really big, they could contain thousands of people. Therefore, there must are good seats which could see the battles clearly and bad seats that could only see with an eagle's eyes.

The first fightings were armed men against animals which had brought from other faraway places, such as lions, tigers, alligators, bulls or ostriches. Most of the time, the animals were killed, but sometimes there were dead people's bodies on the battleground after a combat.

There is a lunchtime for audiences to take a break, and there were vendors who walked around and selled foods. During the time, there were some shows, too. They were some shows of singers, dancers or even criminals. They used some ways to kill the criminals, like: head cutting off, stabbing, pushing off a high tower or letting animals attack them. The ancient Romans believed that their gods loved to see justice done, and also liked to see criminals being killed.

After lunchtime, there were another shows of men versus men. The criminals or sometimes even slaves were taken to the arena. They only had inferior weapons against the perfectly armed warriors. Mostly, the criminals or slaves were all dead, but in small towns, some of the fightings were continued until someone was injured.



This is a Roman amphitheater. It becomes incomplete now. The perimeter of it are full of cars, but it's still majestical. It's still worth to take a look at the arena.










This is Amphitheater of El Djem, in Tunisia of North Africa. Furthermore, it is the second biggest in the Roman Empire, after the Colosseum in Rome.

Roman Art

Here is a web page I found about Roman art:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/art/index.htm

Roman art wass basic on Etruscan, so it was similar as Greek art. The time Roman art really developed as its own type is 500BC, which was also the time of the beginning of the Roman Republic. Romans liked the portraiture particularly, and they focused on the reality of a statue. Furthermore, many of the Romans believed that having a good image of someone's face was important to keep its spirit happy and the spirit wouldn't haunt you after the owner died.

Around 200BC, Romans started conquering Greece, and their styles of art changed a lot because of that. When the Roman sodiers was marching through Greece, they saw a lot of Greek art in the temples, cemetaries, public squares and people's houses. They thought Greek art is better than their own's. Therefore, they wanted to learn some of it whatever it was. They brought some artistic productions and even some sculptors as slaves.










This is a statue of Marcus Tullius Cicero, the man generally perceived to be one of the most versatile minds of ancient Rome.

Roman Society

Here's a website about ancient Rome:http://www.historyforkids.org/
I looked through the webpage of Ancient Roman People:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/people/index.htm


The ancient Roman Empire was very big. There were a lot of different people with different cultures lived in Rome, and Roman families had many different forms, too. Furthermore, the laws between men and women in Rome are similar than Greek and Islamic laws. The different cultures traveled around Rome interflowing with each other. It seemed good, it had multiple cultures. However, the variety a cultures sometimes caused some problems, and even more violent. There were many people forced to be slaves everywhere in Roman Empire. Nonetheless, not all the slaveries were really bad treated. It was depended on the time and the place. In Italy and Sicily, big farms were worked by slave field-hands, who were really bad treated of rich people. Moreover, some slaves were criminals. They worked in the mines or other hard labors as their punishment. On the other hand, most slaves were merely house servants. A lot of slaves also worked for the Roman government, or for private businesses, running a shop, working in small factories. They were also nice treated.

In Roman Empire, boys went to school mostly in city, but girl weren't allowed to study there. Nevertheless, in the countryside, people merely knew hoe to read and write. Yet many of them traveled to other places for education.

Most marriages of rich people were arranged by their parents, they couldn't marry the poor people except their parents agreed.