Ancient Hebrew

Here is the website that I found:

http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/index.html

The Ancient Hebrew alphabet 4,000 year old Inscription was found in the land of Israel and is composed of three letters written in the ancient pictographic Hebrew script. Some of the letter of the inscription is the aleph.

The Hebrew Bible (called the Tenack by Jews and the Old Testament by Christians) was originally written in this pictographic Hebrew script byHebrews whose language, culture and lifestyle were very different than our own in 2,500 to 3,500 years ago. The word rain is a good example of how culture can influence one's view of a word. Nowadays, the word "rain" means a spoiled picnic but to the ancient Hebrews, "rain" meant life, for without it their nomadic life would end. Without a cultural understanding of the words in the Bible, much is missed or overlooked.

Drunk Driver

Here are the websites that I found about drunk drivers :
http://www.madd.org/

The first website is made by 'MADD'. 'MADD' means Mothers Against Drunk Driving. It is about the actions to eliminate drunk drivings, like teaching the students not to drink alcohol and use drug, to take a step to save lives by participating in walk like MADD, teaching parents to take care the children.

Official website

Here is the official website I found of J. K. Rowling :
http://www.jkrowling.com/en/

There are many introductions of J. K. Rowling's books and news. And there are many interesting links of J. K. Rowling's fans. And furthermore there are some manuscripts of Harry Potter there. Of course that there are some informations of her, she spents ten minutes to ten hours for writing a day. And she likes the charters--Harry, Ron, Herione, Hagrid, Jinny, Dumbledore, Fred, George and Lupin in Harry Potter, the story. Moreover, there are some hidden clicks that would jump out some pictures in the story of Harry Potter that she drew by herself.

Minoan Cretan Art

Here is the website that I found about Minoan Cretan art:

http://www.crete-holidays.net/cretan_art_eng.html

The Cretan art originate in the Minoan period in 2500 B.C. In the early Minoan period, the Cretan civilization got ahead of the near contries. The Cretan even traded the Cretan art for hundreds and hundreds of years. The excavations that we discovered show that life on Cretan was about 5000 years ago. It means that there was only alittle finding is related to relagions, and there aren't any temples or important religious monuments were exposed. Nowadays the influence of the Greek Orthodox Church is present in many ways. We think that maybe this was the reason that the Greeks are not the trade people as in the past. And the website has a travel of five days of Cretan art, and there are some beautiful art pictures there.

Egyptian Mythology

Heren is the website I found about Egyptain God and Mythology:

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/religion/mythology.htm



Ancient Egyptians tried to understand their place in the universe and their mythology centers itself on nature, the earth, sky, moon, sun, stars, and the Nile River. Heliopolis, the City of the Sun, is located in the ruins of Yunu in northeast Cairo. And the cosmic creation of Egyptian myth began here. Ancient Egyptian mythology states all began with Nu. Nu is the description of what the planet was before land appeared. It was a vast area of swirling watery chaos and as the floods receded the land appeared. The first god to appear out of this watery mess was Atum. This myth was probably created because of the large source of water from the Nile River.


Atum emerged from Nu as the sun god at the beginning of time and is the creator of the world. The ancient Egyptians found the bisexual act acceptable, as they found all types of sexual orientations acceptable. Atum gave birth to two children by spitting out his son-Shu and vomiting up his daughter-Tefnut. Shu represented the air and the principles of life and Tefnut represented rain and principles of order. Shu and Tefnut later gave birth to Geb, the god of the earth in which the throne of the Pharaoh would be decided. Nut was also born from Tefnut and Shu as the Goddess of the sky, the separator between earth and Nu. Nut was also born from Tefnut and Shu as the Goddess of the sky, the separator between earth and Nu. Then Geb and Nut gave birth to Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys.

In ancient Egyptian mythology there is an established kinship of the gods and goddesses. Atum is known also as Khepri, the great scarab beetle, Ra-Harakhte, the winged-solar disk, Ra, the midday sun, Aten, the solar-disk, or Horus on the Horizon. Atum, is the one and only creator in the universe. The sun god Atum travels along Nut during the day and then is swallowed by Nut at night. At dawn it is seen as Nut giving birth to Atum as the sky opens up to the light.

One of the most famous Egyptian myths is the myth of Osiris. Osiris has been credited with many different titles, god of fertility, king of the dead, god of agriculture, god of the underworld, controller of the Nile floods, the rising and setting of the sun. All of these titles have one thing in common: life, death, and rebirth because the myth of Osiris is attributed to his life, murder, and eternal life after death. The myth of Osiris begins when he sets out to spread law and order across the land and to teach people how to farm. Because Osiris was a powerful king and popular with the people, his jealous brother lured him into a coffin and sealed his fate with molten lead. Seth then sent him down the Nile River in the coffin. Later the coffin washed ashore in Lebanon and a tree encased it. A king of Lebanon was impressed by the size of the tree and cut it down and put it in his palace.

Isis was the wife and sister to Osiris who gave birth to Horus and was the protector of the dead. When she received the news of Osiris's death, she knew the dead could not rest without a proper burial. Isis searched and found Osiris' body and brought it back to Egypt. Seth found this unacceptable and cut Osiris into many pieces and scattered them throughout Egypt. Isis set out again and had all the pieces she found made into wax duplicates. All the wax duplicates were placed in the temple to be worshipped. Isis preserved his body with linen bandages, used her magic and breathed life back into Osiris. Osiris then rose as a God-King and he chose to rule the underworld. This is where the roots of mummification and rebirth into the afterworld began.

Egyptian Mummies

Here is the website that I found about the Egyptian Mummies:
http://www.worsleyschool.net/socialarts/mummy/page.html

Mummies are bodies that have been preserved after death.Although many long-ago cultures prepared their dead as mummies, the most well-known examples are the mummies prepared by the ancient Egyptians. The Egyptians believed that it was necessary to preserve a body in order to allow the soul to survive.

The earliest ancient Egyptian mummies were preserved by heat and dryness, the heat and dryness of the sand dehydrated the bodies quickly. Later, the Egyptians began putting the dead bodies into coffins to protect them from the desert. But the mommies dacayed in the coffins. Over many centuries, the Egyptians embalmed the dead bodies and wrapped them in strips of linen.

Egyptian embalming methods involved the removal of the brain and organs from the body. And then the body was immersed in carbonate of soda, and the cavities were filled with a mixture of herbs, salt, and other substances. Finally, the body was wound with cloths saturated with similar materials.

The mummification process took seventy days. Special priests did the embalming, and it took the detailed knowledge of human anatomy. The brain was removed by carefully inserting special hooked instruments up through the nostrils, in order to pull out bits of brain tissue. It was a delicate operation, it was really easy to disfigure the face when they did this.

The embalmers then removed the organs through a cut made on the side of the abdomen. They left only the heart in place, believing it to be the center of a person's being and intelligence. Next, moisture was removed from the remaining tissue by packing the insides with a type of salt. After this was removed, the mummy was made even more life-like by filling sunken areas of the body with linen and other materials. And then they added the fake eyes, and painted the bodies usually. And for adornment, they added the jewelry. And the wrapping of the mummy. Every part of the body was wrapped individually. For instance, the hands, head, arms, feet, legs were all wrapped separately from the rest of the body. Each mummy needed hundreds of yards of linen, along with warm resin to seal the layers of fabric.

The Egyptians were really good at embalming. The feet of mummies, when unwrapped after as much as 3000 years, are often still soft and elastic. The historians estimate that by AD 700, when the practice had died out, the Egyptians had embalmed approximately 730 million bodies. archaeologists believe that millions are still preserved in undiscovered tombs and burial places. Many are probably in their original coffins, which were often, if the deceased was rich, decorated to resemble the person who had died.

Egypt

Here is the cool website that I found about Egypt :
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html

Daily life in ancient Egypt revolved around the Nile and the fertile land along its banks. The Nile flooded every year, and each flooding enriched the soil and brought good harvests and wealth to the Egypt land. The Egyptian built mud brick homes in villages and in the country, grew some of their own food and traded in the villages for the food.

The ancient Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into two types of land, the "black land" and the "red land". The "black land" was the fertile land on the shores of the Nile. The Egyptians grew their crops there. This was the only land in ancient Egypt that could be farmed because a layer of rich, black silt was deposited there every year after the Nile flooded. The 'red land' was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides.


The ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses. The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to recognize and worship these gods and goddesses so that life continued smoothly.

The earliest ancient Egyptians buried the dead bodies in small pits in the desert. The heat and dryness of the sand dehydrated the bodies quickly, creating lifelike and natural "mummies". And later, the Egyptians started burying the dead bodies in the coffins to protect them not to be eaten by the scavengers. But the dead bodies in coffins decayed because the bodies in coffins were isolated with hot, dry sand of the dessert. Over many centuries, the Egyptians found their way of preparing the bodies. They embalming the dead bodies and wrapping them in strips of linen. And today, we call this process mummification.

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognize the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

Pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs and their queens. The pharaohs were buried in of many different shapes and sizes from before the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. The Egyptian built about eighty pyramids that we have known until today. The three biggest and best-preserved pyramids were built in Giza at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. The most famous pyramid of them was the one built for the pharaoh Khufu. It is known as the "Great Pyramid".

The ancient Egyptians believed that temples were the homes of the gods and goddesses. Every temple was dedicated to a god or goddess and he or she was worshipped there by the temple priests and the pharaoh. The large temple buildings were made of stone, and they would sustain there for a long time. The walls were covered with scenes that were carved onto the stone then brightly painted. And they showed the pharaoh fighting in battles and performing rituals with the gods and goddesses.

The believed that it was important to record and communicate information about religion and goveancient Egyptians rnment. The most famous scripts of the ancient Egyptian are hieroglyphic. They used the crypts; scribes were able to preserve the beliefs, history and ideas of ancient Egypt in temple and tomb walls and on papyrus scrolls.


From the end of middle kingdom until today are more than 3700 years, we still not sure how could old Egyptian carried the heavy stones from the place far, far away without machines. And cut the stones perfectly, then built the huge pyramids perfectly by manpower. There are still a lot of mysteriousness that we don't know, and we'll continue looking for the answers.